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FMCSA · SAFETY STATISTICS

What puts trucks and drivers out of service?

The most frequent out-of-service violations in our indexed FMCSA inspection records, ranked by violation code.

Inspection coverage: – Report refreshed: Violation source updated:
Recorded violations13,571,170
Out-of-service violations2,411,961
Violation codes2,379

All violation codes

Highest OOS count first. Codes with no recorded OOS occurrences appear last.

All violation codes
Violation codeDescriptionOOS occurrencesAll occurrencesShare of all OOS
396.3A1-FAFront Axle and any other steering components cracked/repair welded1801920.01%
393.132CInsufficient tiedowns per vehicle stack of crushed cars1791790.01%
391.11B2Driver cannot read or speak the English language sufficiently to respond to official inquiries1785,2850.01%
393.11A1-LSLMLighting - Stop lamps - Any missing.1773,7400.01%
396.9C2Operating an out-of-service vehicle1765700.01%
393.209A-STSWNSSteering - Steering wheel not properly secured1731770.01%
391.15A-NSOUTDriving a CMV while disqualified. Suspended for a non-safety-related reason and outside the state of driver's license issuance1702770.01%
383.23A2-HOperating a CMV without a valid CDL: No hazardous materials / dangerous goods endorsement1691700.01%
393.209D-STGBMCSteering - Gear box/mounting bracket cracked1691700.01%
393.102C2-CCargo - Sided Vehicle - Insufficient load securement so that it cannot shift or tip to the extent that the vehicle's stability or maneuverability is adversely aff1689340.01%
393.83DImproper exhaust - Bus (Powered by other than Gasoline)1672540.01%
396.3A1-CDSTDefective coupling devices for semi-trailer1651820.01%
177.834J2-HMBPHM (Bulk Packages) - Operate a motor vehicle with the internal valve in the open position1641650.01%
393.40A-BBrake - Inadequate braking system1644,5200.01%
396.3A1-BPAHydraulic Power Assist Fails to Operate on Hydraulic Brakes1641770.01%
393.201A-VBFVan/OT Trailers - Broken floor with protruding freight and sagging crossmembers1611920.01%
393.118D3Insufficient or improper arrangement of tiedowns for lumber or building materials1591610.01%
395.8E1-HOSPVIDHOS (Passenger) - No driver may make a false report in connection with a duty status. Explain1581,9810.01%
385.325COperating in interstate commerce on or after the Operational Out of Service order date for failure of a Safety Audit1571630.01%
390.3E-NONCDLDriver Prohibited from Performing Safety Sensitive Functions per 382.501(a) in the Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse in a CMV that does not require a CDL1571640.01%
393.70B2Defective fifth wheel locking mechanism1551700.01%
393.70D8Improper safety chain attachment1553320.01%
396.9D2Failure to correct defects noted on previous inspection report15512,8080.01%
385.103CMX Carrier - Mexican domiciled carrier operating a CMV in the U.S. with provisional operating authority without a current CVSA decal1531570.01%
391.11B2-ZBorder Zone - Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) in accordance with the current corresponding FMCSA enforcement15369,0140.01%
393.120C-CDLMetal Coils - Improper securement of coils transported with eyes crosswise in/on a vehicle with anchor points1531540.01%
393.45A-BHIJHydraulic Improperly joined such as a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube1521560.01%
393.120No or improper securement of metal coils1511680.01%
392.2-SLLEWA3State/Local Laws - Excessive weight - More than 5000 lbs over on an axle/axle groups14849,9490.01%
393.126C2All corners of loaded intermodal container not secured when transported on vehicle other than container chassis vehicle1481620.01%
393.70C-CDHSLMIIFull Trailer - Loose mounting, missing or ineffective fasteners, insecure latch, or not in use when required.1481620.01%
393.62-BEMEOIBuses - Marked emergency exit not marked with operating instructions1471650.01%
392.2-SLLSRState/Local Laws - State registration/tag violation145288,9470.01%
393.124No or improper securement of concrete pipe1451540.01%
393.45A-HBLHydraulic Brake - leaking on application1451730.01%
393.17No/defective lamp/reflector-towaway operation1431670.01%
393.122B-CPRPaper Rolls - Improper securement of paper rolls transported with eyes vertical in a sided vehicle1411440.01%
393.126D-CIMIntermodal Containers - Improper securement of empty intermodal containers transported on vehicles other than container chassis vehicle(s)1391430.01%
393.83CImproper exhaust - Bus (Powered by gasoline)1391650.01%
393.75A2-TAOBB-6Tires - Any tire with observable bumps, bulge or knots1381,4330.01%
173.24F1Closures for packagings must not be open or leaking1371520.01%
383.23A2-TOperating a CMV without a valid CDL: No Tank Vehicle endorsement1371370.01%
391.11B5Not licensed for type vehicle being operated1371370.01%
396.3A1-CDTPHFCoupling - Semi-Trailer pintle hook loose/missing fasteners1341340.01%
172.332AFailure to display ID Numbers when required1332280.01%
393.47A-BCFSADAir Disc Brake - Contaminated friction surface1331,9810.01%
177.817EShipping paper accessibility1312,7450.01%
393.209ASteering wheel not secured/broken1311660.01%
393.116C-CLLogs - Logs not solidly packed/outer bottom logs not in contact with and resting solidly against the bunks, bolsters, stakes or standards1301320.01%
393.47A-BCFSHE-SAHydraulic/Electric Brake - Contaminated friction surface on a steering axle1301300.01%

How to read this report

Each indexed violation identity counts once. Only a violation explicitly marked out of service contributes to the OOS count. Repeated copies are counted once; conflicting code or OOS values are excluded. Unknown flags remain in all occurrences but not in the OOS count. Missing codes appear as “Code not reported”.

These are violation counts, not unique inspections, trucks, drivers, or carrier-wide out-of-service orders. Coverage describes the currently indexed inspection dataset, not all historical FMCSA records. Frequencies do not establish crash causation or a carrier’s safety rating.

Unknown OOS flags: 112 · Conflicting records excluded: 0

FMCSA source data ↗