Annex OrbisFMCSA · SAFETY STATISTICS
What puts trucks and drivers out of service?
The most frequent out-of-service violations in our indexed FMCSA inspection records, ranked by violation code.
Recorded violations13,571,170
Out-of-service violations2,411,961
Violation codes2,379
The ten most frequent OOS violations
Ranked by recorded OOS occurrences. A single inspection can have several violations.
393.75A3-TAOLTires - All others, leaking or inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire not equipped with ATIS
233,431393.75A3Tire-flat and/or audible air leak
109,896396.3A1-BOSBrake - Defective brake(s) are equal to or greater than 20% of the service brakes on the vehicle/combination
93,061391.41APCMedical (Certificate) - Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency
77,080393.9A-LTSILighting - Turn signal - Any inoperative on the rearmost vehicle.
75,839383.23A2-LCDLNLicense (CDL) - Operate a CMV and does not possess a valid CDL
69,097395.8A1-HOSPHOS (Property) - Failing to have a record of duty status using the method prescribed
68,810396.3A1BOSBRAKES OUT OF SERVICE: The number of defective brakes is equal to or greater than 20 percent of the service brakes on the vehicle or combination
58,334393.9A-LSLIWRLighting - Stop lamps - Both inoperative when required to be on
54,773383.23A2Operating a CMV without a CDL
48,005All violation codes
Highest OOS count first. Codes with no recorded OOS occurrences appear last.
| Violation code | Description | OOS occurrences | All occurrences | Share of all OOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 393.75A3-TAOL | Tires - All others, leaking or inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire not equipped with ATIS | 233,431 | 238,525 | 9.68% |
| 393.75A3 | Tire-flat and/or audible air leak | 109,896 | 116,043 | 4.56% |
| 396.3A1-BOS | Brake - Defective brake(s) are equal to or greater than 20% of the service brakes on the vehicle/combination | 93,061 | 93,640 | 3.86% |
| 391.41APC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency | 77,080 | 78,901 | 3.2% |
| 393.9A-LTSI | Lighting - Turn signal - Any inoperative on the rearmost vehicle. | 75,839 | 77,518 | 3.14% |
| 383.23A2-LCDLN | License (CDL) - Operate a CMV and does not possess a valid CDL | 69,097 | 69,862 | 2.86% |
| 395.8A1-HOSP | HOS (Property) - Failing to have a record of duty status using the method prescribed | 68,810 | 73,459 | 2.85% |
| 396.3A1BOS | BRAKES OUT OF SERVICE: The number of defective brakes is equal to or greater than 20 percent of the service brakes on the vehicle or combination | 58,334 | 58,360 | 2.42% |
| 393.9A-LSLIWR | Lighting - Stop lamps - Both inoperative when required to be on | 54,773 | 55,298 | 2.27% |
| 383.23A2 | Operating a CMV without a CDL | 48,005 | 48,644 | 1.99% |
| 393.45B2-BHTD | Air Brake - Hose/tubing damage into the outer reinforcement ply. | 47,771 | 53,111 | 1.98% |
| 393.9TS | Inoperative turn signal | 46,436 | 123,858 | 1.93% |
| 393.100B-C | Cargo - Cargo not secured to prevent leaking/spilling/blowing/falling from CMV | 36,889 | 37,391 | 1.53% |
| 392.9A2-C | Cargo - Vehicle components or dunnage not secured | 32,917 | 33,884 | 1.36% |
| 393.43DBMA | Brake - Breakaway not attached to the towing vehicle | 30,349 | 30,541 | 1.26% |
| 393.75A | Flat tire or fabric exposed | 30,025 | 32,504 | 1.24% |
| 393.9 | Inoperable Required Lamp | 27,784 | 420,828 | 1.15% |
| 391.11B2-Q | Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) in accordance with the current corresponding FMCSA enforcement guidance (391. | 26,122 | 34,956 | 1.08% |
| 393.75A3-TAOLTIS | Tires - All others, leaking in tread area and inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire equipped with ATIS | 23,484 | 23,917 | 0.97% |
| 393.43D-B | Brake - Missing or inoperable breakaway braking system on a trailer(s) or converter dolly | 23,199 | 23,515 | 0.96% |
| 393.45D-BAAL | Air Brake - Audible air leak at other than a proper connection | 20,980 | 24,096 | 0.87% |
| 395.8A-ELD | ELD - No record of duty status (ELD Required) | 20,544 | 21,947 | 0.85% |
| 393.75G-TAOW | Tires - All others, weight carried exceeds tire load limit | 18,793 | 19,081 | 0.78% |
| 393.207A | Axle positioning parts defective/missing | 18,542 | 27,878 | 0.77% |
| 396.5B-HWSL | Hubs - Wheel seal leaking | 17,809 | 32,698 | 0.74% |
| 393.45 | Brake tubing and hose adequacy | 17,634 | 25,291 | 0.73% |
| 393.9BRKLAMP | Inoperative Brake Lamps | 17,036 | 31,057 | 0.71% |
| 395.8E-HOSPDOOS | HOS (Property) - Driver produces a false record of duty status that concealed an HOS limitation violation after the last rest period. Explain: | 16,872 | 29,049 | 0.7% |
| 396.3A1-BALR | Air Brake - Fails air loss rate test | 16,458 | 16,787 | 0.68% |
| 393.75C-TAOTD-LT1/32 | Tires - Less than 1/32 inch tread depth at 3 locations/2 adjacent tread grooves | 14,413 | 22,373 | 0.6% |
| 392.9AA1 | Operating Authority - Motor carrier operating a motor vehicle without the required operating authority. | 14,165 | 14,997 | 0.59% |
| 395.8E | False report of drivers record of duty status | 14,023 | 41,254 | 0.58% |
| 393.41-BNPB | Brake - Inoperative or missing parking brake on power unit | 13,220 | 13,414 | 0.55% |
| 393.43 | No/improper breakaway or emergency braking | 11,710 | 14,486 | 0.49% |
| 393.75G-LOAD | Weight carried exceeds tire load limit | 11,553 | 14,194 | 0.48% |
| 395.8E-HOSPDELDT | HOS (Property) - Tampering with an ELD so that the device does not accurately record and retain required data. Explain: | 11,418 | 12,464 | 0.47% |
| 396.3A1BL | Brake system pressure loss | 11,352 | 15,867 | 0.47% |
| 396.3A1-F | Fuel - Dripping leak. | 11,217 | 11,408 | 0.47% |
| 393.207F-SDAS | Suspension - Deflated air suspension | 9,878 | 10,331 | 0.41% |
| 391.41A | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency. History of either fail | 9,674 | 29,325 | 0.4% |
| 393.23-LEU | Lighting - All electrical systems on towed vehicle(s) inoperative due to no electrical connection (e.g., unplugged or loose pigtail) | 9,630 | 9,777 | 0.4% |
| 395.8E-HOSPD | HOS (Property) - No driver may make a false report in connection with a duty status. Explain | 9,590 | 116,638 | 0.4% |
| 396.3A1-HCM | Hubs - Bearing cap, plug or filler plug missing or broken | 9,535 | 9,705 | 0.4% |
| 396.3A1 | Inspection, repair and maintenance of parts and accessories | 9,421 | 98,837 | 0.39% |
| 393.43D | No or defective automatic trailer brake | 9,417 | 9,943 | 0.39% |
| 395.8A-NON-ELD | No record of duty status when one is required (ELD Not Required) | 9,336 | 10,007 | 0.39% |
| 393.110B3-C | Cargo - Insufficient tiedowns (w/o headerboard/blocking) for article(s) of cargo longer than 10 feet | 9,277 | 9,344 | 0.38% |
| 393.209D | Steering system components worn, welded, or missing | 9,188 | 10,249 | 0.38% |
| 391.11B5-LNCDLNVL | License - Operate a CMV without a valid operators license, issued by one State or jurisdiction | 9,152 | 9,241 | 0.38% |
| 393.207A-SAPPAS | Suspension - Axle positioning part cracked/broken/loose/missing resulting in axle shift | 9,124 | 9,367 | 0.38% |
How to read this report
Each indexed violation identity counts once. Only a violation explicitly marked out of service contributes to the OOS count. Repeated copies are counted once; conflicting code or OOS values are excluded. Unknown flags remain in all occurrences but not in the OOS count. Missing codes appear as “Code not reported”.
These are violation counts, not unique inspections, trucks, drivers, or carrier-wide out-of-service orders. Coverage describes the currently indexed inspection dataset, not all historical FMCSA records. Frequencies do not establish crash causation or a carrier’s safety rating.
Unknown OOS flags: 112 · Conflicting records excluded: 0
FMCSA source data ↗